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Policy Studies

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  • Fines and fees: Consequences and opportunities for reform
    Fines and fees: Consequences and opportunities for reform

    The use of fines and fees to directly fund courts, law enforcement agencies, or other government activities can result in undesirable conflicts of interest.

    Policy Brief by Vittorio Nastasi and Caroline Greer January 31, 2023

  • Grading every state’s telehealth laws 
    Grading every state’s telehealth laws 

    While many state telehealth laws changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, some of those reforms have expired and many best practices that would improve health care and help patients still need to be implemented.

    Policy Brief by Vittorio Nastasi, Josh Archambault and Ally Perkins January 23, 2024

  • The effects of cash bail on crime and court appearances
    The effects of cash bail on crime and court appearances

    Research suggests that curtailing the use of monetary release conditions among low-risk defendants would not result in dramatic drops in court attendance or increased risk of reoffending.

    Policy Brief by Vittorio Nastasi March 12, 2024

  • Rating states on telehealth best practices
    Rating states on telehealth best practices

    This toolkit aims to help policymakers move towards quality-oriented, affordable, and innovative health systems by ensuring that their state telehealth laws remove barriers that prevent access to care.

    Policy Study by Vittorio Nastasi and Josh Archambault February 10, 2022

  • Actuary highlights House Bill 55’s costs and risks to the Alaska Public Employees’ Retirement System
    Actuary highlights House Bill 55’s costs and risks to the Alaska Public Employees’ Retirement System

    Changes of the magnitude being proposed in Alaska House BIll 55 should receive rigorous actuarial and risk analyses that have not yet been conducted.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost and Leonard Gilroy April 4, 2022

  • Does North Dakota House Bill 1040 meet the objectives for good pension reform?
    Does North Dakota House Bill 1040 meet the objectives for good pension reform?

    The bill would help ensure North Dakota has the ability to pay 100% of the benefits earned and accrued by active workers and retirees.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost January 24, 2023

  • Pension changes in House Bill 22 and Senate Bill 35 threaten Alaska’s budgets
    Pension changes in House Bill 22 and Senate Bill 35 threaten Alaska’s budgets

    HB 22 and SB 35 could cost Alaska upwards of $800 million in the coming decades.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost and Leonard Gilroy February 9, 2023

  • Examining an Alaska pension reform counterfactual
    Examining an Alaska pension reform counterfactual

    A look at what would have happened to the Public Employee Retirement System and Teacher Retirement System if proposed pension reforms from 2021 had been enacted.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost and Leonard Gilroy April 17, 2023

  • State taxpayers’ share of MPSERS debt would increase under various proposals
    State taxpayers’ share of MPSERS debt would increase under various proposals

    The first 20.96% of each year’s unfunded accrued liability contribution is currently paid by local school districts, and any amount required above that is paid by the state.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost June 19, 2024

  • House Bill 78 exposes Alaska to significant additional costs
    House Bill 78 exposes Alaska to significant additional costs

    This bill could realistically add $11.4 billion in additional costs to future state budgets and reintroduce Alaska to significant pension risk.

    Backgrounder by Ryan Frost and Zachary Christensen February 25, 2025

  • Defined Benefit Plans: Best Practices in Incorporating Risk Sharing
    Defined Benefit Plans: Best Practices in Incorporating Risk Sharing

    Public pension risk sharing can increase plan solvency, provide better accountability, and lessen the burden that unfunded liabilities have on taxpayers.

    Policy Brief by Ryan Frost December 2, 2020

  • Best practices in hybrid retirement plan design
    Best practices in hybrid retirement plan design

    The recent shift toward offering hybrid plans to newly hired government employees suggests that governmental employers may be changing their perceptions of the balance of financial risk between employees and employers.

    Policy Brief by Ryan Frost September 20, 2022

  • Annual pension solvency and performance report
    Annual pension solvency and performance report

    At the end of the 2023 fiscal year, the nation's public pension systems had $1.59 trillion in total unfunded liabilities.

    Policy Study by Ryan Frost, Mariana Trujillo, Truong Bui, Jordan Campbell and Steve Vu September 30, 2024

  • Report: State and local pension plans have $1.48 trillion in debt
    Report: State and local pension plans have $1.48 trillion in debt

    State pension systems have $1.29 trillion in unfunded liabilities, and local governments have $187 billion.

    Policy Study by Ryan Frost, Mariana Trujillo, Jordan Campbell, Truong Bui and Steve Vu October 30, 2025

  • Consumer Surplus in the FDA’s Tobacco Regulations
    Consumer Surplus in the FDA’s Tobacco Regulations

    The forthcoming cost-benefit analyses of the FDA’s proposals for nicotine reduction in tobacco and for banning flavors in e-cigarettes must follow standard economic methodology and not assume away part of the consumer surplus.

    Policy Study by Pierre Lemieux June 27, 2019

  • Public Health Models and Related Government Interventions: A Primer
    Public Health Models and Related Government Interventions: A Primer

    What are the main concepts and models of public health? To which extent do public health considerations require government intervention?

    Policy Study by Pierre Lemieux March 22, 2021

  • Best Practices for Providing Education Funding for Economically Disadvantaged Students
    Best Practices for Providing Education Funding for Economically Disadvantaged Students

    This report examines federal education funding for student poverty and how state education finance systems can best fund students.

    Policy Brief by Satya Marar August 11, 2020

  • The Challenges Facing the Florida Retirement System Explained
    The Challenges Facing the Florida Retirement System Explained

    Why Florida's pension debt is rapidly growing, how public pensions are really funded, the ways Florida is failing to provide retirement security to workers, and more.

    Backgrounder by Pension Integrity Project March 11, 2021

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