As state governments grapple with the coronavirus pandemic, recession, and potentially long-term revenue and budget problems, a new study shows how leasing their major toll road systems would allow states to fund many other transportation projects, pay down state debt or reduce unfunded public pension liabilities.
The new Reason Foundation study details how states could monetize the value of their existing toll road systems through long-term public-private partnerships. Based on the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and the debt data from nine major state-owned toll roads, the report provides three estimates (high, medium and low potential proceeds) that each state government could expect to receive if it entered into a 50-year lease for its toll road system.
The study finds the middle-range of the net proceeds for these systems varies from $19 billion for the Illinois Tollway and $17 billion for the New Jersey Turnpike to just over $1 billion for the Kansas Turnpike.
State Toll Road Middle-Range (Net Proceeds After Paying Bond Debt)
- Florida Turnpike $14.5 billion
- Illinois Tollway $19.4 billion
- Kansas Turnpike $ 1.1 billion
- Massachusetts Turnpike $ 8.5 billion
- New Jersey Turnpike $17.4 billion
- New York Thruway $ 2.8 billion
- Ohio Turnpike $ 2.9 billion
- Oklahoma Turnpike $ 3.4 billion
- Pennsylvania Turnpike $ 6.8 billion
The Pennsylvania Turnpike and New Jersey Turnpike, in particular, have lower net proceeds than some might expect because their toll road systems have large debt burdens that must be repaid.
“States need to examine if they are maximizing the value of their existing toll roads. Based on the valuations of overseas toll roads in recent transactions, we found these states would have significant net proceeds after paying off outstanding tax-exempt toll road bonds as required by U.S. tax law,” said Robert Poole, author of the study and director of transportation at Reason Foundation. “Despite the pandemic and recession, car usage is nearly back to normal levels in many areas, and there continues to be great interest in long-term investing in U.S. toll roads. With today’s low-interest rates, these types of acquisitions are still attractive to global toll road companies, infrastructure investment funds, and pension funds.”
With states facing a variety of financial challenges, each government would need to choose whether it is best to enter a long-term lease that guarantees annual payments or take a lump-sum payment upfront. Likewise, the best way to spend the proceeds would depend on each individual state’s infrastructure needs and financial circumstances.
“Many taxpayers and lawmakers will think the best way to invest a windfall from leasing the state’s toll roads would be to reinvest that money in needed infrastructure projects the state doesn’t currently have the money for,” Poole said. “Others will recommend strengthening the state’s balance sheet by paying down existing debt, including pension debt.”
Since public pension debt is a major problem in all nine of the states examined, the Reason Foundation study highlights the percentage of each state’s 2018 unfunded pension liabilities that could be paid off if the medium-range net proceeds were applied from a toll road lease to the debt.
State % of State’s 2018 Unfunded Pension Liability Paid Off
- Florida 49%
- Illinois 14%
- Kansas 12%
- Massachusetts 22%
- New Jersey 24%
- New York 25%
- Ohio 5%
- Oklahoma 54%
- Pennsylvania 10%
Illinois could generate the largest net toll road lease proceeds but its unfunded pension liability is so large that the lease proceeds would cover just 14 percent of its pension debt. Florida and Oklahoma could pay down half of their unfunded liabilities.
There are five examples of long-term public-private partnership (P3) toll road leases in the United States right now, including the Chicago Skyway and Indiana Toll Road. Many toll roads in Australia, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are operated under long-term public-private partnership leases. The report examines how these countries have utilized P3s, surveys the companies and investment funds that are most active in this sector, and reviews how lease revenues can be put to use.
Executive Summary — Why Governments Should Lease Their Toll Roads
Full Study — Should Governments Lease Their Toll Roads?
Frequently Asked Questions — Why Should States Consider Leasing Their Toll Roads?
Reason Foundation is a nonprofit think tank dedicated to advancing free minds and free markets. Reason Foundation produces respected public policy research on a variety of issues and publishes the critically acclaimed Reason magazine and its website. For more information please visit Reason.org.
Contact
Robert Poole, Director of Transportation, Reason Foundation, (954) 587-9426, bob.poole@reason.org