Two states may soon join Texas in a multi-jurisdictional public-private partnership to develop a novel treatment for opioid addiction and other debilitating neurological conditions. House Bill 314 in Mississippi and House Bill 4626 in West Virginia both authorize their state health departments to administer a grant to an applicant that will conduct clinical trials of ibogaine according to protocols that must be approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with a goal of developing an FDA-approved drug.
Last year, the Texas Legislature approved $50 million to launch a public-private partnership that would seek to develop ibogaine as an approved drug. Shortly thereafter, Arizona approved $5 million to advance clinical research into ibogaine, although Arizona’s legislation did not expressly require those efforts to be coordinated with the Texas Ibogaine Initiative. In both states, the release of grant funding was conditional on at least a matching investment of private or philanthropic dollars.
Ibogaine is an alkaloid extracted from the tabernanthe iboga plant, which is native to Gabon and the Congo region. It has shown unparalleled potential to generate healthy brain tissue among victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and related conditions, as well as to resolve the physical withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. In a small-scale study, 30 special forces veterans suffering from TBI saw their disability ratings drop from an average of 30.2 (indicating moderate disability) to 5.1 (indicating no disability) within one month of treatment.
In another small study, 33 opioid-dependent persons were treated with ibogaine, and 25 of them displayed complete resolution of opioid withdrawal symptoms within 72 hours and no longer exhibited drug-seeking behavior. By comparison, the existing approved treatments for opioid addiction involve giving a patient a controlled daily dose of an opioid or partial opioid-agonist like methadone or buprenorphine over a prolonged period of 18-24 months. These treatments boast very low success rates, with most studies indicating 17% to 34% of patients trying to quit opioids are successful with these treatments.
Ibogaine may be a breakthrough therapy that enables individuals to overcome opioid addiction faster, more effectively, and at a lesser public expense. Opioid recovery programs are overwhelmingly financed by state Medicaid programs, and taxpayers spend an average of $119,600 to $131,040 per patient in these programs, partly because the success rates are so low that the average patient will enter treatment multiple times. By contrast, ibogaine treatments currently offered in Mexico cost roughly $17,000, including the cost of transportation and lodging in an all-inclusive facility.
The potential Medicaid savings alone provide states a clear financial incentive to develop ibogaine as an alternative treatment option. Private developers, by contrast, have little incentive to develop ibogaine on their own because it is no longer patentable for treating opioid use disorder. A patent to this effect was awarded in 1985, but the patent holder never completed the FDA’s clinical trial protocols. It expired in 2003.
On average, it takes more than 10 years and $1 billion to navigate the FDA’s procedures for developing a new drug in the United States. This means that Texas cannot accomplish this feat on its own—it needs the help of partner states. Reason Foundation identified this void last year and developed model legislation that would allow additional states to join the Texas Ibogaine Initiative. In December 2025, that model legislation was adopted as model policy by the American Legislative Exchange Council. During states’ 2026 legislative sessions, a version of that policy has been proposed in several states.
In March, lawmakers in Mississippi and West Virginia became the first to approve these bills, and both are awaiting a governor’s signature. The Mississippi bill expressly directs a grant recipient to partner with a research consortium “established by the government of another state” and to “work with the FDA to coordinate the drug development trial in Mississippi with ibogaine drug development trials that are being conducted in other states.” Those references indicate the Texas Ibogaine Initiative. The West Virginia bill omits this reference to a multi-state partnership, but that condition can be added during procurement or through follow-on legislation. Each bill only creates the funding vehicle, so appropriations would need to follow in a separate measure.
In Mississippi, the legislation passed the House on a vote of 111 to 1 and the Senate on a vote of 51 to 1. In West Virginia, the measure was approved unanimously by both chambers.
A version of the ibogaine legislation is still pending in Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Vermont. Similar measures are expected to be introduced in at least three other states this year.